Predicate Logic Involving Data Structure as a Knowledge Representation Language

نویسنده

  • Setsuo Ohsuga
چکیده

A m o d i f i c a t i o n o f p r e d i c a t e l o g i c , c a l l e d m u l t i l a y e r e d l o g i c , i s d i s c u s s e d . I t i s d e s i g n e d a s t h e k n o w l e d g e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n l a n g u a g e f o r d e s c r i b i n g t h e s y s t e m s t h a t uses e n g i n e e r i n g k n o w l e d g e t o s u p p o r t t h e s y s t e m a n a l y s i s and d e s i g n . A m u l t i l e v e l d a t a s t r u c t u r e i s used t o r e p r e s e n t t h e c o m p l e x s y s t e m s i n w h i c h a n a b s t r a c t e n t i t y a t a l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n i s f o r m e d a s t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e e n t i t i e s a t t h e n e x t l o w e r l e v e l . M u l t i l a y e r e d l o g i c a d a p t s t o t h i s s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s y s t e m and mee ts t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r s u p p o r t i n g a n a l y s i s and d e s i g n o f comp lex s y s t e m s . I I n t r o d u c t i o n I n o r d e r t o a n a l y z e and d e s i g n l a r g e s y s t e m s , a s t r u c t u r e d a n a l y s i s and d e s i g n m e t h o d o l o g y has t o b e e m p l o y e d . T h i s i n v o l v e s t h e c o n c e p t o f m u l t i p l e l e v e l s o f a b s t r a c t i o n whe re a t each l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n , t h e s y s t e m i s v i e w e d composed o f a n e t w o r k o f e n t i t i e s . A b s t r a c t e n t i t i e s a t t h e n e x t h i g h e r l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n i s f o r m e d a s t h e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e s e e n t i t i e s . A t t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n , t h e s y s t e m i s a s i n g l e e n t i t y w h i l e a t t h e l o w e s t l e v e l , t h e s y s t e m i s composed o f p r i m i t i v e e n t i t i e s . Each p r i m i t i v e e n t i t y has some f u n c t i o n a l i t y w h i c h i s s p e c i f i e d , i n a d v a n c e , f o r each o b j e c t s y s t e m . Sys tems o f more c o m p l e x f u n c t i o n a l i t y a r e composed o f t h e m . Here b y f u n c t i o n a l i t y , w e i n c l u d e v a r i o u s c o n cepts ' o t h e r t h a n t h e s t r u c t u r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s , such a s a t t r i b u t e , p r o p e r t y , f u n c t i o n e t c . o f a n e n t i t y . When t o d e f i n e t h e a b s t r a c t e n t i t y a t a l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n , t h e i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e o f t h e e n t i t y a t t h e n e x t l o w e r l e v e l need n o t b e k n o w n , b u t t h e s e e n t i t i e s can b e t h o u g h t o f a s p r i m i t i v e s a t t h a t l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n . Some e n t i t i e s a t t h e same l e v e l a r e i n t e r c o n n e c t e d t o each o t h e r t o f o r m t h e n e t wo rk o f e n t i t i e s . Thus t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n o f t h e s t r u c t u r e o f a s y s t e m i s r e c u r s i v e i n n a t u r e . A s y s t e m c a n b e s p e c i f i e d e i t h e r d i r e c t l y b y s p e c i f y i n g i t s s t r u c t u r e o r i n d i r e c t l y b y s p e c i f y i n g i t s b e h a v i o r . G e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g , t o a n a l y z e a s y s t e m i s t o o b t a i n t h e b e h a v i o r o f t h e s y s t e m g i v e n i t s s t r u c t u r e . Hence t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s y s t e m has t o b e s p e c i f i e d i n t e r m s o f t h e p r i m i t i v e e n t i t i e s b e f o r e i t can b e a n a l y z e d . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t o d e s i g n a s y s t e m i s t o o b t a i n t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s y s t e m g i v e n t h e b e h a v i o r . I n g e n e r a l , t o f i n d t h e c o m p l e x s t r u c t u r e t o have t h e s p e c i f i e d b e h a v i o r i s n o t a n easy t a s k . One needs t o g e n e r a t e a t e n t a t i v e s t r u c t u r e and examine i t w h e t h e r i t has t h e s p e c i f i e d b e h a v i o r . The s y s t e m can b e s p e c i f i e d b y s p e c i f y i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e and t h e f u n c t i o n a l i t y o f t h e p r i m i t i v e e n t i t i e s a t t h e l o w e s t l e v e l . B u t v e r y o f t e n i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o g i v e t h e e x p l i c i t d e s c r i p t i o n o n ( p a r t o f ) f u n c t i o n a l i t y o f a n e n t i t y a t a n a r b i t r a r y l e v e l . T h u s , each a b s t r a c t e n t i t y has t h r e e p a r t s : (1) t h e c o m p o n e n t s , (2) t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e e n t i t i e s i n t h e same l e v e l and (3) t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o n f u n c t i o n a l i t y . These p a r t s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e s y s t e m d e s c r i b e d b e l o w b y t h e h i e r a r c h i c a l s t r u c t u r e f o r (1) i n w h i c h each e n t i t y a t any l e v e l o f a b s t r a c t i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y a node and each node i n t h e c o l l e c t i o n a t t h e l o w e r l e v e l i s l i n k e d t o t h e uppe r n o d e , b y t h e t a b l e o f c o n n e c t i o n f o r (2) and b y t h e l o g i c a l f o r m u l a f o r ( 3 ) . I n t h i s p a p e r , w e w i l l d i s c u s s a k n o w l e d g e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n l a n g u a g e d e s i g n e d t o d e a l w i t h t h i s s t r u c t u r e . U n l i k e many o f t h e CAD l n g u a g e i n v o l v i n g t h e h a r d w a r e d e s c r i p t i o n l a n g u a g e [ 3 , 4 ] , t h i s l a n g u a g e i s d e s i g n e d t o use e n g i n e e r i n g k n o w l e d g e t o s u p p o r t t h e a u t o m a t i c t r a n s f o r m a t i o n be tween t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s y s t e m and i t s b e h a v i o r . T h i s l a n g u a g e i s based o n t h e p r e d i c a t e l o g i c because i t i s s u i t e d f o r d e s c r i b i n g t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e e n t i t i e s i n t h e t a b l e f o r m and f u n c t i o n a l i t y o f a n a b s t r a c t e n t i t y . The e n t i t y c o m p o n e n t r e l a t i o n a l s o can b e r e p r e s e n t e d b y p r o v i d i n g t h e s y s t e m w i t h a n a t o m i c f o r m u l a o f t h e f o r m (COMPONENT x y) mean ing t h a t x i s a componen t o f y . Howe v e r , t h e n , t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e comp lex s t r u c t u r e o f t h e s y s t e m w i l l b e

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تاریخ انتشار 1983